Solving water scarcity:

In this blog post, we will outline an understanding of the global water crisis, look at the limitations of current approaches, then discuss the potential of atmospheric water harvesting to be a game-changer in humanity’s quest for a sustainable water supply. In particular, we will highlight the groundbreaking work of Professor Omar Yaghi, whose research into the applications of reticular chemistry including Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) holds immense promise for addressing this crisis.

For the purposes of this blog post, when we refer to water scarcity (shortage of water resources) we include the challenges of water stress (excessive demand on those water resources), as both result in an insufficient water supply.

To comprehend the gravity of the global water crisis, it is essential to recognize that water scarcity affects every continent, impacting ecosystems, agriculture, public health, and economic development. Humans cannot last more than three days without it. According to the United Nations, it is estimated that over 2.2 billion people currently lack access to safe drinking water, while 4.2 billion people experience severe water scarcity for at least one month each year. Furthermore, rapid urbanization and industrialization, coupled with climate change-induced droughts and excessive water consumption, exacerbate this crisis.

Numerous approaches have been employed to address water scarcity, such as groundwater extraction, desalination, and water recycling. While these techniques have been shown to offer some relief, they come with significant limitations. Groundwater extraction often leads to the depletion of aquifers and subsidence of the land, exacerbating water scarcity in the long run. Desalination, while effective, is energy-intensive and expensive, making it inaccessible for many regions. Water recycling, although helpful, faces public perception challenges and requires robust infrastructure.

One promising solution that can complement existing approaches and help tackle the global water crisis is atmospheric water harvesting. This method involves collecting moisture from the atmosphere and converting it into usable water – effectively, “drinking from the sky”. Atmospheric water harvesting presents several advantages over other methods of dealing with the crisis including its scalability, affordability, independence from existing water sources, and potential for decentralized implementation.

Professor Omar Yaghi is the second most-cited chemist in the world. He has received more than 55 prestigious global awards and medals throughout his celebrated career, including the Albert Einstein World Award of Science in 2017, and has made significant breakthroughs in the field of reticular chemistry – of which he is the founder – and its application for atmospheric water harvesting (as well as carbon capture).

Professor Yaghi’s groundbreaking work within the area of reticular chemistry and more specifically the metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) has opened up new possibilities for capturing water from the air more efficiently and effectively. MOFs are highly porous materials with a large internal surface area that can adsorb and store vast amounts of water vapor; ideal for deployment in regions where the moisture content in the air is low.

His team has developed MOFs that can even capture water from extremely arid desert air. The material selectively binds to the water molecules in the air, allowing them to be released when exposed to lower temperatures. By harnessing this unique property, his research provides a stream of hope for water-scarce regions where the relative humidity is typically very low.

Professor Yaghi’s breakthrough has the potential to revolutionize atmospheric water harvesting, offering a sustainable and cost-effective solution for regions struggling with water scarcity. The simplicity and scalability of this approach make it particularly attractive for decentralized implementation, benefiting both rural communities and urban areas.

By integrating this enhanced MOF-based form of atmospheric water harvesting into comprehensive water management strategies, we can move closer to a sustainable future where clean and accessible water is available to all – and work towards a world where water scarcity is no longer a threat but a challenge we have successfully overcome.